A Guide to Valentines Day in Japan

A Guide to Valentine's Day in Japan Do you have any plans for Valentines Day? Is there a special way of spending this time in your culture? Learn how the day of love is celebrated in Japanese culture.   Gift-Giving In Japan, it is only the women who give presents to men. This is done because women are considered to be too shy to express their love. Though it might not  be true especially in  modern times, Valentines Day was thought to be a great opportunity to let women express their feelings. Chocolates Women typically give chocolates to men on Valentines Day. While chocolates are not necessarily the customary  gift  to give, this is a custom that smart chocolate companies have spread to boost their sales. This tactic  has been very successful. Now, chocolate companies in Japan sell more than half of their annual sales during the week before Valentines Day. Men are supposed to return gifts to women on a day called White Day (March 14th). This holiday is a Japanese creation. Giri-Choko But dont get too excited when you get chocolates from Japanese girls! They might be giri-choko (obligation chocolate). Women give chocolates not only to their loved ones. While a true love chocolate is called honmei-choko, giri-choko is the chocolate given to men such as bosses, colleagues or male friends that women have no romantic interest in. In these cases, the chocolates are given just for friendship or gratitude. The concept of giri is very Japanese. It is a mutual obligation that the Japanese follow when dealing with other people. If someone does you a favor, then you feel obligated to do something for that person. Valentines Cards and Expressions Unlike the West, sending Valentines cards is not common in Japan. Also, the phrase happy valentines is not widely used. On another note, happy birthday and happy new year are common phrases. In such cases, happy ~ is translated as ~ omedetou 㠁Šã‚ Ã£  §Ã£  ¨Ã£ â€ . The Color Red Which color do you think is the color of love? In Japan, many people would probably say it is red. Heart shapes are usually in red and red roses are also romantic gifts.   How do the Japanese see the color of red? How do they use it in their culture? Read  Japanese Conception of Red  to  learn the meaning behind the color red in Japanese culture and how it is used in society.

Free Essays on New Bill Calls For Calories On Menus

A new bill in Congress that would require many restaurants to include nutritional labels on their menus is set to be introduced Wednesday. The effort comes as the Food and Drug Administration weighs similar proposals and a survey by an advocacy group shows most Americans would like calories listed along with prices. THE PROPOSAL, by Rep. Rosa DeLauro, D-Conn., would force chain restaurants with at least 20 outlets to list key nutrition information. It would be far less detailed than information boxes now on packaged food, but visitors to a McDonald’s or Wendy’s would see calories listed on menu boards above cashiers’ heads and at drive-in kiosks, while customers at sit-down restaurants, like Denny’s or Applebee’s, would get menus that revealed fat and sodium content along with calories. Though many chains provide the information on their Web sites or keep nutrition binders behind the counter, only a handful make it visible to customers at the point of sale. â€Å"People shouldn’t have to dig for it,† DeLauro said. â€Å"It’s something that’s very important to people and their health.† Two-thirds of Americans support a requirement for restaurants to list calories on their menus, according to a survey to be released Wednesday by the Center for Science in the Public Interest, a non-profit group that backs nutrition labeling. Performed by Global Strategy Group in September, the poll shows 67 percent support the labels while 23 percent oppose them. It had a margin of error of four percentage points. MORE MEALS EATEN OUT Americans are dining out in ever greater numbers - even though meals eaten out usually are bigger and often more fattening than those eaten at home. The CSPI estimates we now get one-third of our calories from dining out, while recent data from the NPD Group shows 38 percent of all food is consumed at restaurants, even though that accounts for less than one-quarter of all ... Free Essays on New Bill Calls For Calories On Menus Free Essays on New Bill Calls For Calories On Menus A new bill in Congress that would require many restaurants to include nutritional labels on their menus is set to be introduced Wednesday. The effort comes as the Food and Drug Administration weighs similar proposals and a survey by an advocacy group shows most Americans would like calories listed along with prices. THE PROPOSAL, by Rep. Rosa DeLauro, D-Conn., would force chain restaurants with at least 20 outlets to list key nutrition information. It would be far less detailed than information boxes now on packaged food, but visitors to a McDonald’s or Wendy’s would see calories listed on menu boards above cashiers’ heads and at drive-in kiosks, while customers at sit-down restaurants, like Denny’s or Applebee’s, would get menus that revealed fat and sodium content along with calories. Though many chains provide the information on their Web sites or keep nutrition binders behind the counter, only a handful make it visible to customers at the point of sale. â€Å"People shouldn’t have to dig for it,† DeLauro said. â€Å"It’s something that’s very important to people and their health.† Two-thirds of Americans support a requirement for restaurants to list calories on their menus, according to a survey to be released Wednesday by the Center for Science in the Public Interest, a non-profit group that backs nutrition labeling. Performed by Global Strategy Group in September, the poll shows 67 percent support the labels while 23 percent oppose them. It had a margin of error of four percentage points. MORE MEALS EATEN OUT Americans are dining out in ever greater numbers - even though meals eaten out usually are bigger and often more fattening than those eaten at home. The CSPI estimates we now get one-third of our calories from dining out, while recent data from the NPD Group shows 38 percent of all food is consumed at restaurants, even though that accounts for less than one-quarter of all ...

Directors, Shareholders and Rewards Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 1

Directors, Shareholders and Rewards - Essay Example The operation procedures of the London stock exchange are much active in the arena of corporate governance. The various benefits due to the listing are, like the companies to the Specialist market which are versed in the issuing of funds should have to suit themselves with the requisites of standards set by the European markets, this helps in the minimization of corruptions. The organization may have to deal with the legal structures which deal with the restriction in partnership. â€Å"The benefits make the AIM one of the leading markets in Europe.† (Boldyrev 2010). The corporate governance law transactions with the London stock exchange is in a competent manner to assure understanding along with the customers. The LSE is among the leading stock exchanges in the world and is a vital part of the UK finance market. The LSE provides to make certain that organized markets are in pace with the rules, principles , the transactions and market movements. The basic intend of the LSE is to construct accessible intermediaries and investors with attention-grabbing and coordinated markets to increase capital investments. The corporate governance denotes confident rules to be taken in the listing of LSE. There are rules related to the listing, prospectus and the policy written in the stock exchange. These rules relate to the transparency, instruction and communicate in terms of financial reporting. There are enormourous consequences for the Medicaments plc Company after listing themselves in the stock exchange; it will be useful in assessing the company in terms of the future opportunities and economic growth and developments. The LSE lists the results of the shares in each quarter and the results of the shares can help Medicaments Plc understand the financial position and the company opposition and make the moves according to that. The company has the advantages of getting operated in the market in terms of derivatives in the

Maths Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Maths - Essay Example 1. A hydroelectric project is expected to create a large lake into which some fish are to be placed. A biologist estimates that if 10,000 fish were introduced into the lake, the population of fish would increase by 50% in the first year, but the long-term sustainable limit would be about 60,000. Form the information above, write two ordered pairs in the form where . Hence, determine the slope and equation of the linear growth factor in terms of . It is also given that the long-term sustainable limit of population of fish is 60,000. This will be case when there is no increase in fish for next year, therefore, the growth factor (r) for this case will be equal to 1. Since, a logistic population growth model takes a similar form as the geometric population growth model. However, in this case, the growth factor depends on the size of the population and is variable. In previous section 1, the equation of growth factor (r) is determined, which is: 4. The biologist speculates that the initial growth rate may vary considerably. Following the process above, fine new logistic function models for using initial growth rates 2, 2.3, and 2.5. Describe any new developments. From table 2 data, it can be seen that for higher values of initial growth rate r (2, 2.3, 2.5 and 2.9), the logistic model does not correctly determine the population of the fish over the 20 years period. For example, for initial growth rate of 2, the fish population exceeds stable population (60,000) three times; for initial growth rate of 2.3, the fish population exceeds stable population (60,000) eight times; and for initial growth rate of 2.5, the fish population exceeds stable population (60,000) nine times. For initial growth rate of 2.9, the fish population exceeds stable population (60,000) ten times and sometimes it touches the population value of approximately 70,000. For initial growth rate of 2.9, the fish population exceeds stable population (60,000) ten times

Language and Dictrionaries Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Language and Dictrionaries - Essay Example In his proposal for the new undertaking in lexicography, Richard Chenevix Trench made a bold statement by announcing that it is not the function of a dictionary to provide standards (5). Trench described the role of a lexicographer as one of "an historian of it [language], not a critic" (5), whose task is to "collect and arrange all the words, whether good or bad," and "to make his inventory complete" (6). James A.H. Murray (not the first editor, but who is commonly associated with the beginning of the dictionary) further expounded on the ideas proposed by Trench. Murray explicated that the role of a lexicographer, as a historian, is not simply to record words: but to furnish a biography of each word, giving as nearly as possible the date of its birth or first known appearance, and, in the case of an obsolete word or sense, or its last appearance, the source from which it was actually derived, the form and sense with which it entered the language or is first found in it, and the successive changes of form and developments of sense which it has since undergone. (47) However, the original OED was not able to achieve the truly descriptive model of lexicographical creation. Indeed, as adamant as Trench was on including "all the words, whether good or bad" (6), he conceded that "A Dictionary ought to know its own limits" (56). Trench especially protested against "the drafting into the Dictionary a whole army of purely technical words" (57). Interestingly, these words he did not consider as words but as mere signs (57). Another stratum of vocabulary that was originally banned from the OED was obscene terminology. Indeed, Bryson contends that much of the obscene vocabulary did not appear in the OED until after 1972 (222). Unlike Johnson's and Webster's dictionaries, the OED was no longer a work of a single person but "the combined action of many" (Trench, qtd. in Landau 79). To reflect the fluidity of the language and the mutability of the society, the OED editors continued making adjustments and additions to the dictionary. The first supplementary volume came out in 1933 - five years after the OED was published. In the OED2 preface, the editors recount that most of the additions for the Supplement and for the second edition of the OED concentrated on including more scientific vocabulary, slang, and words from different varieties of English. 1.1 Preface and Front Matter While often overlooked by users, most dictionaries boast a Preface/Front Matter. The aforementioned is often highly informative and as far as the lexicographer is concerned, an invaluable guide to the dictionary and, possibly, previous editions. As one turns to the 8th edition of the Concise Oxford Dictionary, one finds that the above stated holds true. Taken together, both the Preface and Front Matter provide a concise and precise guide to the edition and a guide to its distinctive features. The Preface explains the variations between the 8th and previous editions of the dictionary, outlining the changes made to the structure and layout. The breadth of these changes, as listed in the below, are a testament to the extent to which the edition's editors, sub-editors and collaborators determined to reflect the times and ensure that the Concise Oxford

Fundamental Urban Design Principles Relevancy Cultural Studies Essay

Fundamental Urban Design Principles Relevancy Cultural Studies Essay The term Urban Design broadly tries to be understood as making places for people, or more simply put designing people-places within city-spaces. Being an inherently ambiguous term, different types of people tend to use it differently for various circumstances. But the two words when taken separately have clear meanings; urban suggesting the city or town characteristic and design referring to the planning or arrangement part. But on further study, we tend to understand that the term urban design really is a process. A process focused on planning to make better places for people. With this statement, we tend to realize the importance of the other underlining factors involved, like firstly how urban design is for and about the people, its sense of value and special significance, constrains of economical and political forces and the fact that all this is undergone as a process. Coined in North America in the late 1950s, the term urban design was used to in order to explain the design of major civic buildings and their relationship to the open spaces within the city. However, the steady increase of academics and professionals in this subject generally tend to understand urban design to be a little more than just an aesthetic arrangement of people spaces within a city. It has a more wide and inclusive meaning of solving effective problems of city growth and also organising the development within those quarters. In the pressing need for a clearer definition of urban design, Madanipour identifies and explains the seven areas of ambiguity in his book The Design of Urban space. He addresses the scale factor of the urban fabric, the visual emphasis, the social emphasis, the relationship between the process and product in the city design, the relationship between different professionals and their activities, affiliation of the public and private sectors and finally the design as an expressive or subjective process. This wide variety of ambiguities explains the lack of clarity in its definition. So as a conclusion, he defines urban design as the multidisciplinary activity of shaping and managing urban environments, interested in both the process of this shaping and the spaces it helps shape. Combining technical, social and expressive concerns, urban designers use both visual and verbal means of communication, and engage in all scales of the urban socio-spatial continuum.(Carmona,M.2003) Urban Design had theories which improved over time to form a basic structure of principles which became the core principles for any urban designer to go through before simply jumping in to the designing aspect. Different key urban designers wrote books and set standards according to the principles and theories formed. The British Urban scenario ironically began with His Highness the Prince of Wales who collaborated with others to bring about an awareness of sorts. The responsive environment book was a design manual for urban designers (published in 1985), with a compilation of several American and British theories which formed the first draft of urban design principles in a way. Although this book was mainly meant for the techniques in designs, its based on some theory as well. Most of the urban design approaches relating to the visual aspects are influences from the European style and mainly the British; on the other hand the American style was rather more in understanding the socia l aspects and regarded to the workability of that design. Gradually with the townscape tradition from Krier, L and the governments advice for broader view, the British practice became more space oriented. But still the practice retains a very strong visual tradition, especially in development control in planning. The principles were then revised again in 1990 by Bentley to strike a balance between the various previous factors and the present new ones. Then later by 2000, with collaborated effort released the Urban Design Compendium which also was an essential guideline tool for urban designers. The main urban design principles are: 1) Robustness is the quality which describes the degree to which people can use a given place for different purposes. Its in context to the quality of the public realm, which is the place for people to gather. Hence, to create an environment where everyone can access and benefit from the full range of opportunities available to the members of the society. 2) Permeability is the quality which affects the mobility of the people within the urban tissue .Its mainly about making connections in order to ease the movement. A good design would integrate the existing urban form, the natural and the built environments. 3) Legibility explains the quality that affects how easily people can understand and relate to the surrounding environment. The design focus would be to address the connections between people and places by considering the activities of people to access public spaces, recreational areas and to socialise. 4) Variety, termed for the range of uses, tenure, character, population available with the urban quarter. Also describes more of the mixed uses or the diversity of uses and forms. The design criteria would work at addressing the connections between people and places by considering the need of the people to access jobs and key services. 5) Visual appropriateness describes the quality of appearance/ aesthetics of a place making people aware of the choices available. 6) Cleanliness which is to make sure to minimise pollution or to be self cleansing. 7) Bio-diversity which is to preserve and protect the present wild-life corridor and use natural management. 8) Energy Efficient, which is to make sure to keep a tab on the energy consumption within a house, building or on a city scale. 9) Richness is the quality that affects the peoples choice of the sensory experiences. 10) Community control relating to the individuality of the neighbour community of the people. This was added instead of the Personalisation principle. By elaborating some of these principles we can easily understand how they deserve to be fundamental urban design principles. Robustness: This quality brings an element to a certain place that can be used for many different purposes, thereby offering their users more choice than places whose design limits them to a single fixed use. Robustness actually has an initial glitch to its theory, regarding the fact that most people would not opt for this quality of urban design considering the fact that at the end of the day, they are the ones paying the rent and maintaining them. Since designers have to respect the clients wishes, robustness does in fact work wonders at a large scale. When it comes down to the outdoor spaces, private garden spaces, public outdoor spaces etc, robustness can bring about its usefulness to the society. Designing the edge of the public square can make informal/seasonal market spaces. Examples, Cardiff city park, right opposite to the city hall, experiences seasonal changes in its usage. The simple park turns in to an ice skating rink for the winter for the society to make the best of the festive season. Another example is the woonerf concept, applied in Utrecht, Netherlands. Or in the British context, the home zone concept for a neighbourhood area. This robustness really encourages more social interactions and safety priorities for the children play area etc unlike other neighbourhoods. Permeability: The term permeability is basically defined as the number of alternative ways through an environment, hence giving more choices to people to freely move. To achieve good permeability, some of the guidelines followed in todays practice are: 1) The provision for accessibility is expected to include and connect both public and private spaces. By controlling the number of route choices we tend to attain the right of privacy in certain necessary areas. 2) The alternative route choices should clearly be revealed or visible to everyone, hence the term visible permeability. 3) Understanding the advantages of smaller blocks rather than large blocks, which mean more choice of routes in the latter, hence the term physical permeability. Keeping these guidelines, we design to attain a balance between the public and private spaces through access links, especially considering fronts and backs. Here is when the street network plays an important role. One of the most commonly opted patterns for a city is the grid pattern. The grid provides choice. By achieving efficient connections and allowing through access where needed, the grid pattern in the perfect example of permeability. For example, Portland city in America has a grid pattern network of streets and roads, with small block dimensions understanding the importance of permeability. Another Indian city example is Le Corbusiers Chandigarh, which has followed the grid iron pattern. Each block is divided by the road network, in to mixed use blocks which are called sectors. Legibility: This is the quality that makes a place graspable. There are different levels of legibility: physical form and activity patterns. Legibility came in to being with history. Traditional cities were always legible due to the fact that the important civic buildings in the community or city used to have a sense of relevance with the local architectural flavour, but the modern city is all steel and glass with the western influence. So there always tends to be some sort of confusion there. The key physical elements in making a place legible are: Paths, Edges, Nodes, Landmarks and Districts. Path is the channel along which the observer customarily, occasionally or potentially moves. So Create predominant elements in the urban tissue, and also by setting an image of the urban layout. For example by concentrating special uses or activities on the street may give it predominance in the mind of the observer. Edges normally are the linear element that defines a path. They also tend to behave as the boundaries between two character areas. They can be designed to give a sense of direction and improve the travel quality. The concentration of paths can be diverted with activities. Nodes can be designed with strategic foci for an observer to typically enter these sorts of junction area. These could also be paths crossing, with a big public square or a landmark. Landmarks tend to help the observer in terms of orientation, easily identifying also with the physical elements that bring it all together like the paths and edges. Also tends to bring about a feeling of class and uniqueness to the context. Districts are relatively larger areas which can have a distinct characteristic by which the observer can relate to. For example like china town in London. Some of the main physical characteristics that determine a districts area can be an endless variety of components, texture, shapes, forms, detail, building types, inhabitants and topography etc. Other than these main features the combining of new and existing elements can also try to grasp the observer. For instance combining paths and nodes, existing landmarks, edges and districts etc. For example, the city of Bath has a very legible nodal character where all the buildings are at the node, which have the paths and the edges crossing at the junction. Combining altogether to be a part of a landmark character space. At times when certain areas within a city arent legible, it certainly becomes difficult to navigate around. In Chandigarh, though the grid iron pattern design was meant to make it more permeable, certain nodes and areas look exactly the same. Visitors find this to be of a big problem, since they tend to get lost easily. So we understand the importance of how the permeability and legibility principles have to work together in order to achieve balance in the design. These principles have a strong resemblance to the principles used in developing nations like India and China. British influence in the Indian cities like Delhi, Mumbai and Calcutta can be easily seen as though like a big foot print. Understanding the overall impact of the railways and the colonization strategies of the British in India, urban designers have come away as far as the sustainable age of today. Incorporating the Indian cultural society in our neighbourhoods, slowly over the years, and at the same time being open to the western influence in design and policies has helped the Indian master planners to come forth with new innovative ideas to bring about changes to the Indian urban tissue. Most of these principles really help the urban designer in building up a society with a character. Understanding these basic fundamentals, and working out design in context to the site only helps in increasing the quality of life. Nothing is meant to be left for chance which means to say that todays city is not an accident. Its generic growth and form probably is unintentional, but its not accidental. (Carmona, M.2003)

Learning Disabilities: ADHD Essay -- Essays Papers

Learning Disabilities: ADHD Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) is a condition that can affect any person’s behavior and way of life. In their book, Special Education, J.Ysseldyke and B. Algozzine state that no area has experienced as much growth as learning disabilities. It is by far the largest of all special education categories. Enormous changes in the last century have changed the way society treats children with disabilities. Psychologist William Lee Heward affirms that in the 1800’s there were few public provisions dealing with adults or children with special needs. Psychologists researched in order to discover the characteristics of a person with ADHD and the effects it has on human behavior. Teachers, parents, and other people have an important role in dealing with a person who has the condition. Special education today is an area of growing interest and of continuing controversies. Full and fair access to educational opportunities was often denied to children who were different because of race, culture, language, gender, or exceptionality (Banks and Banks 293). Because local school officials did not have any legal obligation to grant students with disabilities the same educational access that other non disabled students enjoyed, many schools denied enrollment to children with learning disabilities. This exclusion had to be corrected making it necessary to make laws governing the education of exceptional children. As a consequence, in 1975 Law 94-142, Congress passed the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). This law has changed education throughout the country affecting and changing the roles of special educators, schools, administrators, parents and many other professionals involved in the... ...o Special Education. 6th ed. Ohio: Prentice may, 2000. Kirk, Gallagher & Anastasiow. Educating Exceptional Children. 8th ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1997. Parodi, Luis M. Educacià ³n Especial y sus Servicios. Puerto Rico: Publicaciones Puertorriqueà ±as, Inc., 2002. Rief, Sandra F. Cà ³mo Tratar y Enseà ±ar al Nià ±o con Problemas de Atencià ³n e Hiperactividad. Argentina: Editorial Piados, 2000. Schirduan, V. M. Elementary students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in schools using multiple disorders (ADHD) intelligences theory: Intelligences, schools using multiple intelligences theory: Intelligences, and achievement. Ed. D. diss., University of concept, and achievement. Ed. Diss., University of, 2000. Ysseldyke, J. and Algozzine, B. Special Education: A Practical Approach for Teachers. 3rd.ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1995.