Williamson Ether Synthesis- Preparation of Methyl p-ethylphenyl ether Lab Report

Williamson Ether Synthesis-Preparation of Methyl p-ethylphenyl ether - Lab Report Example Toward the finish of the test, methyl p-ethyl phenyl ether was created and quantitatively distinguished as the ideal item. All in all, it was found out that all the techniques and response conditions utilized throughput the response were instrumental in impacting the quality and amount of the resultant ether. In fact, Williamson Synthesis process is one of the successful strategies utilized in the union of ethers. Dissimilar to other ether-amalgamation forms, Williamson Synthesis is especially appropriate for creation of ethers with both balanced and unsymmetrical sub-atomic structures (Mayo et al, 322). In science, ethers are significant mixes applied in an assortment of ways including however not constrained to disintegration of natural mixes, and arrangement of natural linkages. This test includes a functional assessment of ether combination. Williamson ether combination is the most broadly and least difficult technique in ether blend. In spite of its effortlessness and wide pertinence, this technique neglects to yield attractive items at whatever point a parent liquor is treated with an auxiliary or tertiary halide. In fact, the restricted appropriateness of Williamson ether combination is ascribed to the method’s component, which is an ordinary SN2 response. This analysis is an unequivocal showing of SN2 response component, particularly those requiring stage move impetuses. Utilization of stage move catalysis is intended to expand positivity of SN2 response over E2 disposal, which is a trademark issue at whatever point auxiliary and tertiary alkyl halides are utilized in ether creation (Mayo et al, 322). In this examination, the ideal item is methyl p-ethyl phenyl ether. In the examination, the reagents were ethyl phenol as a parent liquor, and methyl iodide as the essential halide. In spite of being an essential halide, a stage move impetus was instrumental in expanding the yield of the ideal ether. Compound

Killing Without Emotions Essay Example for Free

Murdering Without Emotions Essay This human instinct of our own makes us think or stops us so as to murder without feelings. When people are designed to be sympathetic and empathetic not to slaughter, it is difficult to comprehend why there is such a great amount of murdering on the planet? How, with sympathy and empathy, can individuals execute? They should abrogate their feelings with more grounded feelings of despise and thoughts of direction dependent on their convictions. In the accompanying passages will introduce scarcely any models that will show why and how a few people supersede their feelings with more grounded feelings dependent on their motivation. A typical case of this is of a self destruction aircraft. So how these self destruction planes are shaped or what is the brain science required behind self destruction bombarding. . Frequently the self destruction aircraft captured in Pakistan are typically adolescents and are from a poor foundation. They are normally hijacked on their approach to class or madraassa (strict school) and afterward indoctrinated. Research and Today’s media uncovers that self destruction planes utilizing their religion as a shield legitimizes what they are doing are correct. During conditioning they are kept secluded and given misdirecting data on the name of the religion. They are told by the degenerate strict pioneers that slaughtering of the non Muslims are advocated by their religion. Notwithstanding this they are additionally informed that perishing for the sake of their religion will gain them the position of a martyred. They are additionally conditioned that they will gain a high position in the sky and streams of milk and nectar and wonderful virgins anticipate. (Yusufzai and Jamal). They are extended to significant expense to take care of business. They are guaranteed that their family will live rich life after their activity is finished. Practically 90% of the self destruction aircraft are typical people be that as it may, subsequent to knowing the position they can procure by passing on for the sake of their religion, change their feelings to murder many guiltless people. From this above model it very well may be presumed that they straightforward beat their feelings with more grounded feelings of gaining high position in Heavens by kicking the bucket for the sake of the religion, making sure about the lives of their family and complying with the sets of God. Another kind of the individuals who supersede their feelings to execute are the warriors. Troopers supersede their feelings for specific reasons that they pick up during the preparation. During the preparation there are informed that they are the defenders of the land. The lives of their families and their compatriots rely upon them. Besides, they are prepared with the way that what they are doing is correct and defended and God is with them. The preparation for the fighters keeps on the changing with time to time. The officers are given finished preparing/rehearsing territory. The officers are desensitized by making them take shots at human molded paper targets, drill and afterward to moving targets and spring up targets look sort of human shape making their reaction programmed and focused†. (Dwyer). The preparation regions incorporates a wide range of troublesome pathways, underground passages and abrupt appearance of the human molded targets which they have take shots at and bring them down. They are likewise complimented on their first slaughter which builds their certainty to supersede their feelings all the more effectively â€Å"In expansion to this there are tended to straightforwardly causing them to accept that they really need to murder. (Robinson). â€Å"Often multiple times the present the foes in way that doesn't feel like a human; for example they will consider their adversaries by those names that even don’t look natural. Names like â€Å"gook† who realizes what is gook? It doesn't seem like a human or an individual. Half of the desensitizing and dehumanizing is made simpler in introducing an individual that doesn't even to our group or kind. What's more, saying that God is with us, we are battling for our nation and the individuals and God is glad for us. A great deal of slaughtering is made simpler in this for the warriors introducing these as an explanation. † (Pomerantz) So, with this sort of preparing and exercises of nationalism being given to the fighters makes it simpler to abrogate to their feelings. In the end I would repeat again that slaughtering without feelings is extremely hard except if you have you don’t conquer your feelings. It takes a great deal of nerve and heart to murder without feelings. Works refered to Dwyer, Gwynne. Fighters prepared to execute and post-horrible psycho-chatter. Thuppahis blog, 29 April 2011. Web. Web. 18 Feb. 2013. Yusufzai, Asfaq, and Amna Nasir Jamal. Adolescents selected, prepared as self destruction aircraft.  Central online Asia. N. p. , 11 04 2011. Web. 18 Feb 2013. Robinson, Steve. The effect of slaughtering and how to set up the warriors .  Frontline. Bleeding edge, 01 Mar 2001. Web. 18 Feb 2013. Pomerantz, Andrew. The effect of murdering and how to set up the officer s .  Frontline. Bleeding edge, 01 Mar 2001. Web. 18 Feb 2013.

Consumer Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Shopper Law - Essay Example Since D-I-Y is in the matter of selling home improvement items, there is a suggested condition that the varnish provided is of acceptable quality, particularly since it is an in-house item. Was the varnish of good quality? There are two factors that would seem to demonstrate that it was most certainly not. Right off the bat, merchandise are considered to be acceptable if â€Å"they satisfy the guideline that a sensible individual would view as satisfactory†¦.taking into account all other important circumstances.†2 On account of â€Å"Dà ©cor Shine† the directions on the tins show that the item is appropriate for use on a wide range of wood. Be that as it may, this isn't the situation †the item isn't appropriate for use on old wood since it causes shrinkage. Accordingly the portrayal that has been utilized for the item is bogus and much the same as misrepresentation3 and can't be said to be the sort of merchandise that Alf expected to purchase. On account of Reardon Smith v Hansen Tangen4, Lord Diplock unmistakably featured grounds that could exist for penetrate of agreement through absence of recognizable proof of the products being bought: Alf expects to purchase varnish for treating old wood, Dã ©cor Shine isn't appropriate for use on old wood, yet the name suggests that it is, consequently the depiction of the item is mistaken †they are not fit for the reason for which Alf means to utilize them.6 The legal test to decide the merchantable nature of merchandise is that they are fit for the reason that they are to be used8. Besides, there is another factor affecting upon the palatable idea of the item - it contains no directions that it ought to be utilized in all around ventilated conditions, a legal admonition that would ordinarily be incorporated with these kinds of items and which a purchaser has a privilege to anticipate. Since Dã ©cor Shine is in the matter of providing building items, there is a suggested condition that the merchandise being provided are of â€Å"satisfactory

Writing Essays - Free Essay Samples To Read

Writing Essays - Free Essay Samples To ReadWriting a good essay is the most important part of your higher education. Good essays have great points and also have good thoughts behind them. With these, your work will be recognized by your school or college and you will get lots of good marks. With this kind of stimulus, students are very much eager to write good essays so that they can get lots of marks.Reading things like essays samples are very useful. These will give you a huge amount of ideas for your essay. It will help you to put the words that you have in your head and put them in the right place. That way, you can make the whole writing process effective and easy. With this kind of reading materials, you can improve on the writing skills as well as improve your grammar.There are lots of quality written sample essays available in the internet. You can search online and find out the contents of these samples. Check out the samples and see what kind of writing skills and technique s you can use in order to make the essay more effective. Once you have done this, you should go ahead and read your assigned reading material. Make sure that you are familiar with the rules of the essay.The most important thing that you need to focus on is the content of the essay. The more content that you have in your essay, the better it will be for you. Having the same content in different essays will not help you at all.When you write essays for different topics, you have to be able to blend the two. The more similarities, the easier the writing will be. You should make sure that you are very familiar with the topic.This means that you should learn how to know how to write perfect essays. There are many people who may think that a person who is not very good at writing may not get any marks for his/her work. On the contrary, writing is a skill that you can get only after studying it.When you learn how to write, you can be on your way to writing your own written works. Writing i s a very essential skill to have if you want to excel in your career or education. Writing is one of the most important parts of higher education. With proper practice, you can write your work very easily.

Christianity - 1417 Words

 ¬In this essay, we will examine the contribution of Christianity in the lives of individual believers and their communities. This contribution will be assessed using the common characteristics of beliefs, sacred text and writings and ethics. Christianity is a religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus. Christians share a set of beliefs that are important to their faith, they believe that God created the universe, God is a single ruler, Jesus is the son of God, Jesus suffered and was crucified for our sins and Heaven and Hell. Christian’s believe that when Jesus died and was resurrected that they will be resurrected after they die and brought into the Kingdom of Heaven, they also believe that when Jesus was resurrected it was the†¦show more content†¦Love does not delight in evil but rejoices with the truth. It always protects, always trusts, always hopes, always perseveres.† The Ten Commandments are a set of biblical laws in the Bible – Exodus 20 – which play an important role in Christianity. The Ten Commandments are the most recognised document anywhere in the world, they are described as short and sweet but yet they are the broadest code for living in society. The main reason why the Bible is so important in the Christian tradition is because the Bible is considered to be the word of God as it is inspired by God; it records the intimate relationship between God and human kind. The Bible provides an ethical and general outline which guides Christians on what is required to do on a day to day basis. The Bible establishes religious studies; from this a Christian community comes to an understanding of how people within the tradition should be treated. Christian ethics defines concepts of right and wrong behaviour from a Christian’s perspective. A professor, Duane Stephen Long, describes Christian ethics as, â€Å"The pursuit of God s goodness by people on the way to a city not built by human hands. It is not a precise science but the cultivation of practical wisdom that comes from diverse sources. It draws on all that is good in God s creation and among the nations. But it also acknowledges that creatures cannot attain their true end without the gift of God s own goodness.† Professor Duane StephenShow MoreRelatedThe And Christianity Of Christianity1744 Words   |  7 PagesCourage and Christianity Christianity is one of the worlds most recognizable religions today. With every major religion, a struggle has to be overcome in order to be successful. Over a period of hundreds of years, Christianity spread through the Roman empire. The spreading of Christianity was not an easy task but a terrifying task that took the brave to conquer. Although several powerful rulers were important in spreading Christianity in Ancient Rome, it would not have taken root if not for itsRead MoreChristianity : Christianity And Christianity1223 Words   |  5 PagesChristianity Christianity? What is it, you ask. Well, Christianity is the belief that God is our one true God, that he made our world with his bare hands and His Son is Jesus Christ. God made man and animal, light and dark, water and land. We believe that God gave his only Son to save our world from sin.. Origins of Christianity Christianity originated in the city of Jerusalem in present-day Israel. The founder of Christianity, Jesus Christ, was born in the small town of Bethlehem, just a fewRead MoreChristianity And Christianity Of Christianity892 Words   |  4 PagesBeing some of the biggest religions in the world today, Christianity and Catholicism are considered to be symbols of stability, comfort, and security because of its strong faith. This, however, has not always been true. Over the course of hundreds of thousands of years, Christianity and Catholicism have gone through tremendous changes through different major events in history. Ranging from the Council of Nicaea—the early church community prior to 1054—to the Spanish Colonization of the New World—priorRead MoreJudaism : Christianity And Christianity1085 Words   |  5 PagesJudaism and Christianity are two of the oldest religions known to man, with both developing out of the country if Israel. One of the biggest differ ences between the two religions is who Christ was, and his purpose in life. However, they share common ground when it comes to their belief in God and his teachings. In fact, Christianity would not exist without Judaism, as it the foundation that Christianity is based on. 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The influences of his character, beliefs, customs, and teachings, are the foundation of the religion today. Throughout time and as more knowledge was gained and received, the customs of the religion changed and new smaller groups broke freeRead MoreRise Of Christianity : Christianity1456 Words   |  6 PagesRise of Christianity Essay Christianity is one of the largest religions in the world. With 2.2 billion adherents, it ranks above Islam, Atheists, and Hinduism. So why is this religion so well known? How did it get where it is today? Where did it start? It started with Jesus of Nazareth who was born in Bethlehem, the Messiah to the Jewish people, and crucified by the Romans. His life, works, death, and resurrection is what started Christianity. But that wasn’t the end of it. Christians would face

Effective Communication and Collaboration in Team Settings

Effective Communication and Collaboration in Team Settings Working in an unfamiliar environment can be tough for one to fathom. Add individuals with different backgrounds, personalities, ethics and views to the recipe and the result can be either cataclysmal or a successful learning experience. A key resource to success in work and team relationships is the knowledge to recognize certain personality traits and learning specifics of other individuals. Only then can one acclimate to communicate effectively and collaborate to achieve a common goal. This paper will evaluate assessing three different personality temperaments and three different learning pathways. It will also discuss how people can work with and benefit from†¦show more content†¦According to Gardner, an interpersonal learner is skillful at seeing elements from others’ perspectives, cooperating within a group, verbal and nonverbal communication, and creating, and maintaining relationships (Carter, Bishop, Kravits, 2007, p. 43). One would agree that m ost employers and upper-management personnel would favor this type of person for leadership positions. For example: This individual has the ability of dealing with many types of personalities and styles while creating minimal risks of a hostile work environment and simultaneously keeping the superiors content. Therefore, statistically, a group of workers would be optimistic of this individual’s ability to increase their morale. This learning style would effortlessly collaborate with most other styles because of its flexibility and volatility to coexist. Visual/Spatial A visual learner may best be referred to an artistic type of person. Much more coordinated with perceiving and understanding diagrams, charts, and maps, this styled learner is very efficient in processing information he or she can logically graph on a sheet of paper (Carter, Bishop, Kravits, 2007). According to Advertising Psychology (2004), â€Å"Images and text are processed differently. Pictorial information seems to be processed more holistically, whereas verbal information is processed more sequentially† (Processing Pictures Versus Text, para. 2). This type of learnerShow MoreRelatedThe Role Of A Nurse On An Interprofessional Team And The Challenges1065 Words   |  5 PagesInterprofessional team collaboration for professional nurses is viewed as a method to improve the care and safety for patients. However, interprofessional team collaboration presents both advantages and challenges for nurses and other team members. One of the advantages is the coordination of ca re for the patient and the sharing of knowledge to improve the outcomes for the patient. Challenges for interprofessional team collaboration is: poor role-definition, miscommunication, conflict, lack ofRead MoreTeam Performance And Patient Safety Initiatives1305 Words   |  6 PagesTeam Performance and Patient Safety Initiatives Patient safety and quality care is the center of every health care provider’s initiatives. According to the Institute of Medicine (IOM) report â€Å"To Err is Human†, adverse events and medical errors happen at an alarming rate with approximately 400,000 deaths a year (Epps Levin, 2015). An evidence-based practice, team strategies and tools to enhance performance and patient safety (TeamSTEPPS), is a comprehensive program that brings staff together toRead MoreEssay on Horizontal Violence1725 Words   |  7 Pagesin the hospital setting. It is defined as bullying, verbal and physical aggression that occurs to employees in the workforce. Horizontal violence has harmful effects on nurses as it lowers their self- esteem, and makes them feel as if they have no power in their career. This phenomenon also negatively impacts patient centered care and safety as nurses are more vulnerable to making medication errors and careless mistakes. Horizontal violence can be decreased in the hospital setting if interventionsRead MoreLack of Communication Is the Biggest Problem in Healthcare Today1715 Words   |  7 Pagesineffective communication among hospital personnel, patients and their families, and the effect it has on patient safety. Communication, as a whole, is very complex and is the root of teamwork and collaboration which aids in keeping patients safe in the hospital. Throughout the healthcare field today patient-centered care and patient safety seem to be major focus points. 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Article Review of Decision Support Systems-Samples for Students

Question: Write the article review on decision support systems. Answer: Article review of decision support systems Organizations in general use Decision Support Systems (DSS) to give PC based help to pioneers blamed for dealing with semi-sorted out and unstructured issues. Studies exhibit that DSS is fruitful if the customers' arrangement objectives or execution wants of the system are met. This is in light of the fact that the information needs of the customers (the pioneers) are appropriately met by the DSS (Chou Chang 2008) Furthermore, late data frameworks consider utilize subjective measures, for example, client encounter, saw happiness and convenience, to pressure the significance of psychological and full of feeling observations in DSS. Most associations began with information handling frameworks that help exchange preparing and develop administration data frameworks to help strategic and vital basic leadership. In a previous couple of years, another kind of frameworks called a Decision Support System (DSS) has picked up prevalence in the data framework field. The topic of estimating the effectiveness of DSS has all the earmarks of being the fortune of the client i.e. perceived effectiveness. (Ben-Zvi, 2010). Basing my arguments on the article, a gap on literature review is well elaborated. Several studies have been carried out by various scholars to determine the effectiveness of DSS in different settings. For instance, Bharati Chaudhury (2004), researched online choice emotionally supportive networks. Crowston et al. (1999) inspected open and bias-free source programming improvement settings. According to Reinig (2009), he considered community-oriented advancements, for example, gather emotionally supportive networks and their effect on execution. Those examinations primarily centered around the direct impacts of framework outline and use on results and client execution. Less DSS considers have incorporated choice process factors, such as saw helpfulness, fulfillment, satisfaction, and saw ease of utilization (Kamis Stohr 2008). The generally modest figure of concentrates that put in place choice process factors in studies for might be the aftereffect of the regularly utilized authori tative setting for such investigations, where process factors such as states of mind may seem not so much vital but rather blander and along these lines difficult to catch or measure. Likewise, when DSS fill the main need of achieving a specific objective, scientists' consideration is typically centered on that objective (and approaches to accomplish it) and less accentuation is set on DSS process factors.( Kamis et al., 2008). Additionally, experimental investigations that measure apparent effectiveness display contradicting outcomes. A few analysts report the effective execution of DSS (Garrity et al., 2008) According to Chan (2009), different researchers give no help to the preface that the utilization of DSS enhances individual or collective choice-making adequacy. In an investigation of undertaking multifaceted nature, Dulcic et al (2012), found that the DSS did not influence subjects' execution. Courtney et al (2008), contended that a large number of the choices they checked in their research facility DSS research were "ill-structured. According to the article, a simulation method was used to conduct the research. On that regard, DSS is felt through the simulation. The research is expanded by moving the concentration to the frameworks, the clients, and the effect on execution. Classes of understudies framed gatherings and took an interest in a reenactment work out. The gatherings, mimicking organizations in an industry, created DSS that were later described also, examined. Moreover, a few factors identified with DSS seen adequacy were assessed and contrasted with gathering execution. According to Ben-Zvi (2012) a simulation case with 652 senior graduate understudies who made DSS and expounded on the systems made. The article demonstrates that DSS clients who see the framework as compelling connect to enhanced organization execution. However, investing noteworthy HR in building up a framework does not really ensure improved execution. Moreover, the examination embodies how client characteristics can affect apparent effectiveness (Chen and Lin, 2009). The effectiveness of the simulation was measured by how the company performed. In terms of net profits, market share, investment and equity return. Net profit was influenced by the organization's choices, recreated client conduct, and the opposition alternate organizations in the business. Around the complete of each run, after the last course of action of decisions had been made, each social affair was required to show its DSS in class and to introduce a report which incorporated: an importance of the degree of the structure, a decision examination, a system design and a discussion of the dedication of the structure in achieving the get-together's objectives in the midst of the entertainment. At that same assembling, each one of the understudies was requested to complete a short individual poll on the DSS undertaking (Mahdavi et al., 2010). The findings show that most of the groups selected information officer during the different runs. All associations point by point developing an information system, but none of the associations uncovered genuine changes in the midst of the run. About 65% of the companies developed a complicated tool of analysis where-else the 35% developed a graphics output (shown in the article) the refinement. Furthermore, multifaceted nature of the models used varied on a very basic level from essential spreadsheet examinations to an intricate straight model. It can't be attested that the scattering of characteristics of structures accurately measures that as a general rule, the level of an average assortment of systems made in view of existing instruments, appears to be very genuine. To ensure that the results were valid, they were compared to the previous findings. A few factors identified with DSS saw viability was broke down. Next, organization execution was critically analyzed with respect to the created DSS. At that point, took a look at framework multifaceted nature and inner consistency among the questionnaire's things. The article denotes several implications for management practice in a company. The results demonstrate a solid and huge reliance of organization performance on five factors: framework's handiness, client fulfillment, the commitment of the DSS to the assorted utilitarian regions and to the whole organization achievement and whether the DSS lived up to its desires. It appears that the more prominent the fulfillment from the created framework in meeting its planned point as set by the clients, the better the organization's execution in the reenactment. Utilizing the framework additionally adds to organization execution; in any case, this outcome isn't measurably critical. System complexity was also put in place to determine the perceived effectiveness, company execution, and user satisfaction. The level of complexity was analyzed according to the previous studies and then developed systems from all runs. Diverse levels of many-sided quality were resolved: plain many-sided quality, direct and multifaceted many-sided quality. Unmistakably organizations with plain multifaceted nature communicated most lessened levels of clear viability and customer satisfaction and moreover displayed an underneath ordinary execution. Organizations with a moderate framework many-sided quality communicated the most abnormal amounts of apparent effectiveness whats more, client fulfillment and furthermore exhibited the most noteworthy execution, in spite of the fact that moderately near that of organizations with a multifaceted system framework. The article suggests that the reasonability of reenactments as stages for completing DSS is two ways. In the first place, members hone the claim to fame of essential initiative; individuals are stimulated, induced, what's more, attempt to settle on better decisions; they end up being adequately drawn in with the reenacted fundamental authority process and in their favored progression of MIS and DSS. Second, because the reenactment is especially practical, the individuals themselves plot the association between the essential administration shapes, the created information systems (Lin Tu, 2012) Moreover, the outcomes have implications for practitioners and researchers. For researchers, the investigation illustrates the significance of including subjective measures while inspecting DSS adequacy. All things considered, researchers should be careful about utilizing distinctive measures of framework adequacy and execution. While a few measures are emphatically connected with framework saw viability or organization execution, different variables don't present a coordinate effect. Furthermore, analysts ought to plainly determine what the correct nature of the deliberate factors Practitioner implications are also very significant. The article clearly shows the essential connection amongst complexity and execution to demonstrate that multifaceted frameworks don't really ensure better outcomes. In general, simulation urges understudies to apply logical ideas learned through formal lessons to make a framework that backings critical thinking exercises utilizing the accessible information. A definitive outcome will be more viable MIS and DSS in reality. Additionally, practitioners need to comprehend that a non-appearance of strong behavioral indications of framework acknowledgment, foster in describing a framework or usage of the framework may not so much achieve a negative outcome. User contribution in a framework improvement or then again configuration process may connote a superior specialized or operational fit. For instance, a superior utilization of technology yet as this investigation appeared, this does not really recommend upgraded performance. Truth be told, there could be extremely different variables that affect execution. By understanding the obvious measures of DSS reasonability and association execution, specialists could make an interpretation of data identifying with those measures more correctly. Despite the findings in the article, credibility issues of the article are noted. The simulation is exceptionally mind-boggling and wide to give issues and practical basic leadership reproduction. No particular reenactment that can incorporate all progression of data frameworks. Since the reenactment decisions are more shortsighted than those of this present reality, the DSS required helping the decisions are less solid than those in actuality (Sharma et al., 2010). Thus, the appropriateness and all-inclusive statement of the discoveries ought to be joined by another examination and basically dissected. There is have to know the way recreations can be coordinated to investigate the more unpredictable flow of DSS. It is likewise not certain whether the self-reports reflect genuine lead of framework customers in actuality. Future examinations can give definite outcomes utilizing target measures. References Ben-Zvi, T., 2010 The efficacy of business simulation games in creating Decision Support Systems: An experimental investigation.Decision Support Systems,49(1), pp.61-69. Ben-Zvi, T., 2012 Measuring the perceived effectiveness of decision support systems and their impact on performance.Decision Support Systems,54(1), pp.248-256. Bharati, P. and Chaudhury, A., 2004 An empirical investigation of decision-making satisfaction in web-based decision support systems.Decision support systems,37(2), pp.187-197. Chan, S.H., 2009 The roles of user motivation to perform a task and decision support system (DSS) effectiveness and efficiency in DSS use.Computers in Human Behavior,25(1), pp.217-228. Chen, L. and Lin, C., 2009 DSS interaction: a simulation experiment.SIGHCI 2009 Proceedings, p.17. Chou, S.Y. and Chang, Y.H., 2008 A decision support system for supplier selection based on a strategy-aligned fuzzy SMART approach.Expert systems with applications,34(4), pp.2241-2253. Courtney, J., Merali, Y., Paradice, D. and Wynn, E., 2008 On the study of complexity in information systems.International Journal of Information Technologies and the Systems Approach,1(2). Dulcic, Z., Pavlic, D. and Silic, I., 2012 Evaluating the intended use of Decision Support System (DSS) by applying Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) in business organizations in Croatia.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,58, pp.1565-1575. Field, D., Garrity, G., Gray, T., Morrison, N., Selengut, J., Sterk, P., Tatusova, T., Thomson, N., Allen, M.J., Angiuoli, S.V. and Ashburner, M., 2008 The minimum information about a genome sequence (MIGS) specification.Nature biotechnology,26(5), p.541. Kamis, A., Koufaris, M. and Stern, T., 2008 Using an attribute-based decision support system for user-customized products online: an experimental investigation.MIs Quarterly, pp.159-177. Lin, Y.L. and Tu, Y.Z., 2012 The values of college students in business simulation game: A means-end chain approach.Computers Education,58(4), pp.1160-1170. Mahdavi, I., Shirazi, B. and Solimanpur, M., 2010 Development of a simulation-based decision support system for controlling stochastic flexible job shop manufacturing systems.Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory,18(6), pp.768-786. Malone, T.W., Crowston, K., Lee, J., Pentland, B., Dellarocas, C., Wyner, G., Quimby, J., Osborn, C.S., Bernstein, A., Herman, G. and Klein, M., 1999 Tools for inventing organizations: Toward a handbook of organizational processes.Management Science,45(3), pp.425-443. Nunamaker Jr, J.F., Reinig, B.A. and Briggs, R.O., 2009 Principles for effective virtual teamwork.Communications of the ACM,52(4), pp.113-117. Sharma, R., Reynolds, P., Scheepers, R., Seddon, P.B. and Shanks, G.G., 2010 August. Business Analytics and Competitive Advantage: A Review and a Research Agenda. InDSS(pp. 187-198).

A critical review of literature on the importance of social media in branding The WritePass Journal

A critical review of literature on the importance of social media in branding 1.0 Introduction A critical review of literature on the importance of social media in branding ). On the contrary it can be said that more and more retailers and business are becoming increasingly aware of the social media and are waiting to exploit the potential that social marketing offers (Olivas-lujan, 2013) 1.1 Background Spend on social media by the businesses are on the rise. Recent study by the IAB (Internet Advertising Bureau) shows that in the first half of 2014 in the UK alone, there has been a rise of 53% in the spend on social media by businesses with a total contribution of  £242.5 million (Somerville, 2014). Another study by IAB on FMGC sector consisting of more than 4500 survey responses and 800 interviews showed that 90% of the customers would use social media to refer the brands to peers, 4 in 5 customers would buy products that have good social media coverage and 83% would be willing to try products that are popular in social media (Anon, 2013). Similarly, a research conducted by Mass Relevance that provides social media curation platform to clients found that 59% of the consumers will more likely trust a brand that has presence in the social media and 64% of the consumers interviewed have already made purchases based on social media presence and reviews (Chaney, 2012). Appendix 1 shows the social media advertising effects on consumers (Source: Neilsen Survey: Anon, 2012) 1.2 Motivation From the above, it can be understood that social media has a profound impact on the consumers’ choice of brands and that it is key to engage effectively with customers. There is a lot of literature that discusses about the social media impact on consumers, why businesses should engage with customers, exploiting social media to provide value add etc. The main aim of this research is to look into various key researches in this area and to provide a critical review on the literature. The critical review aims to see if: The problems are identified clearly The literature provides a balanced view There are gaps in the literature 1.3 Research Process The success of the research is admittedly determined by measuring the extent to which each of the research objectives is met. The following steps are followed during this research to ensure its success. These steps are as follows: Firstly, a background into the research and its motivations is given. Following this, the key literature in this area is thoroughly investigated. This is intended to ensure that all aspects of the research are identified and that the challenges or gaps in the current literature are clearly understood. Next, the literature is critically analysed to see if the problems are identified and if it provides a balanced view of the topic. It also looks into the research methodology to see if the methods used are consistent with the qualitative and quantitative methods and also checks for what has not been provided. Finally, this research concludes by providing a conclusion that is supported by evidence presented in the literature. It also makes recommendations where appropriate. In summary, this chapter has provided a brief overview of the research, addressed the key challenges or gaps in the literature and justified the need to conduct this research. This chapter has also set the background and motivations for the research in order to enable the reader to better understand the subsequent chapters. The central question for the research has addressed here, and the reader now also understands the problem statements that have led to this research. 2.0 Literature Review This research discusses about social media and its effect on branding and consumers. But what is social media? The term social media can be defined as â€Å" Many online tools that allow people with similar interests to share information, learn from others, or network in an open process. The information found on these sites is commonly referred to as ‘user-generated content’, which means anyone is able to post with minimal restrictions or oversight.†(Wilson, 2010) Drury (2007) discusses how marketers of various businesses can effectively engage in social media marketing. The paper gives a fairly comprehensive view on what social media is and the role of marketing in social media. It discusses about how social media can be monetised by the marketers. The paper lists out opportunities that can be tapped for commercial benefits and also emphasises on the mobile marketing strategy and describes the success criteria for measuring success. The paper however has the following drawbacks: It is very much general and has no qualitative or quantitative measures to define the success criteria. It gives a good overall picture but it would have been better if the context of the paper was more towards assessing the impact or the Return on Investment (ROI) of a specific sector or business. It lacks specific examples and also does not mention any strategy for implementation or even list challenges that organisations face while implementing good strategies for social media marketing. Michaelidou et al (2011) in their research discuss about social media marketing’s impact on small and medium B2B brands. They discuss in detail the adaption of social media networking as a marketing platform to be able to achieve the brand objectives and also the perceptions around the barriers of using social marketing networks. The research paper makes use of email surveys to understand the usage of social media by small and medium scale businesses that operate in the UK and the main drivers that motivate SMEs to adapt to the new channel of marketing. It clearly states the motivation of the research, giving appropriate background to the research and the method used for the research is depicted concisely. The research analyses the findings from the email survey and discusses the methods used for analysis. It provides a broad range of information and also clearly identifies the shortcomings in the business implementation of social media networking practices. It discusses how t hese pitfalls can be overcome and provides details for further improvement areas and scope for additional research in the future. The drawbacks of the paper are: Sample size: The sample size of the survey could have been more and also various other methods for obtaining the review could have been used. This would have ensured that the B2B base was thoroughly covered. Focus: The focus is on B2B businesses alone. It would have been interesting to see the results if the research was extended to B2C as well for small and medium scale enterprises. Some researches focus specifically on skills gap in digital marketing within specific industries. One such research concentrates on the communications industry (Royle and Laing, 2014). The research discusses the need for having the necessary skills in digital marketing arena and stresses on the growth and popularity of digital/social media marketing. The research explores the various gaps in the industry for digital marketing with a specific emphasis to communications sector and provides a best practice guide for the industry. It details the challenges that organisations face while implementing social media marketing and discusses the need to have evaluation criteria and metrics to critically analyse the success of social marketing strategies and campaigns within organisations. The paper talks about the key challenges that businesses face while trying to merge traditional marketing practices with that of social marketing. The rationale for the research is clearly mentioned and the li terature review is comprehensive. The conceptual framework is clearly detailed and the methodology used for developing the framework is precise. The research makes use of focus groups and interviews to be able to gauge the skill gap in the industry. The drawbacks of this research are: Limited sample size: The research could have used more samples to be able to analyse effectively the findings. Given that the research has already narrowed down by industry, it would have been good to get a more detailed view of the industry and a larger sample would have facilitated this. A study by Harvard Business Review (Edelman, 2010) discusses how the internet and the social marketing has changed not only the way businesses operate but also how consumers choose their products. It takes the reader through the funnel metaphor which was earlier being used by marketers to understand how consumers choose their products and how this has moved to a more open-ended approach whereby consumers no longer follow a methodical approach of selecting products. It stresses how important it is for brands to be able to connect with the consumers and studied the consumers’ decisions across five different industries namely automobiles, skincare, insurance, mobile telecommunications and electronics in three different continents. Based on the results of the study, it proposed a four-stage model that focuses on today’s consumers using social media for advocating products and also purchasing based on the reviews and advocacy received. The research takes the reader through t he entire customer journey and tells the businesses what it should not focus its energy and resources on. Providing statistical information about various surveys enables the businesses to identify the key areas that it should concentrate on to be able to build a good brand image online. Though the research is comprehensive it lacks in the following: Framework: It does not suggest what needs to be done and a framework for implementing those. The key focus is on what not to be done and it leaves it to the businesses to work on the best strategy. Sample size and analysis: The research does not disclose the sample size or indicate clearly the analysis method used to come to the conclusion. This section worked on identifying key research in the literature and also provided a critical review of each of the researches identified. 3.0 Conclusion Though there is a lot of literature on various aspects including but not limited to effects of social media on small and medium scale enterprises, identification of skill gaps in social media with specific emphasis to certain industries, general study on implementation challenges, perception of social media on businesses, barriers to adaptation of social media by businesses etc. it can be found that there is not much literature that specifically talks about a common framework for adapting to social media marketing along with the challenges that businesses might face and the evaluation criteria. Similarly while most of these researches make use of one or more methods for data collection, it is not very comprehensive. There is a gap in the current literature in terms of data collected from a wide range of sources using a bigger sample set. Given that technology has enabled a higher reach to customers, it would be good to get a larger sample to be able to effectively analyse the results . In many cases, the limitations of the research scope could be worked on to be able to get more information on the above mentioned areas. In short, it can be said that the social media marketing and the research around it are yet to attain the maturity level and there is a lot of scope for research that would aid businesses to effectively handle and manage social media marketing concerns and overcome challenges in a seamless and stress-free manner. 4.0 References Tuten, 2008: Advertising 2.0: Social Media Marketing in a Web 2.0 world, Greenwood publishing group. Qualman, 2012: Socialnomics: How social media transforms the way we live and do business, John Wiley Sons Livas-Lujan, 2013: Social Media in Strategic Marketing, Emerald Group publishing limited Somerville, 2014: 18 Digital Marketing Trends you may not have heard about, The Fresh Egg blog accessed at: freshegg.co.uk/blog/18-digital-marketing-trends-for-2014 Anon, 2013: IAB Social Media Effectiveness Research, IAB UK accessed at: iabuk.net/research/library/iab-social-media-effectiveness-research Chaney, 2012: Brands should use social media to engage consumers, amplify messages and promote trust, Digital intelligence today accessed at: http://digitalintelligencetoday.com/brands-should-use-social-media-to-engage-consumers-amplify-messages-and-promote-trust-survey-says/ Anon, 2012: State of the Media, The social media report, Neilsen Wilson, 2010: Social Media and Small Business Marketing, University Business Printing and press, USA Drury, 2007: Opinion Piece: Social Media: Should marketers engage and how can it be done effectively?, Journal of Direct, Data and Digital Marketing Practice Michaelidou et al, 2011: Usage, Barriers and measurement of social media marketing: An exploratory investigation of small and medium B2B brands, Elsevier Royle and Liang, 2014: The digital marketing skills gap: Developing a digital marketer model for communication industries, Elsevier Edelman, 2010: Branding in the digital age: You’re spending your money in all the wrong places, Harvard Business Review

Early Marriage Advantages

Early Marriage Advantages Introduction Marriage and family are the two institutes which form the basic building blocks of communities and by extension the society. Sudha (2000, p.198) declares that marriage is a fundamental universal social institute that â€Å"facilitates proper progeny and helps to have life long companionship and family life†.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Early Marriage Advantages specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This assertion is true since it is through marriage that children are raised and the continuity of a community assured. While the importance of marriage is universally appreciated, there are many differing opinions as to the age at which a person should get married. While marriage at a young age was favored in the past, modern day society advocates for later marriage. This is despite the many benefits that are to be gained by early marriage. This paper will argue that people should marry at an early age , this age ideally being 18 years. The paper shall demonstrate that early marriage has many significant advantages most notable of which are: it inhibits crime, it results in stronger families being build and lastly, it reduces the probability of the youth engaging in risky sexual behaviors. A Case for Early Marriage Marriage reduces the likelihood that a person will engage in criminal activity. Particularly, marriage is credited with inhibiting male crime and is associated with lower crime among men. Sampson, Laub and Wimer (2006, p.500) explicitly state that marriage is a potentially transformative institution that may assist in promotion desistance from criminal behavior†. The reason why marriage might lead to lower crime is because it results in a marked change in a persons daily routines. Sampson, Laub and Wimer (2006) note that â€Å"unstructured socializing activities with peers by people aged 18 to 26 increases the likelihood of deviant behavior†. Being married at the early age of 18 has the potential of changing activities such as frequent socializing with deviant peers. It can therefore be asserted that early marriage improves the quality of life for the married couple and the society at large. By reducing the likelihood of the person engaging in crime, the individual is able to engage in more productive activities. This benefits his immediate family and contributes to the well being of the society. Young couples have a higher likelihood of building stronger families than older couples. This is because younger people have not yet formed rigid perceptions concerning life. Strong, Devault and Cohen (2010) state that most marriages are built on the idea that one can change their partner following the marriage union and mold them into more desirable people.Advertising Looking for report on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As such, both parties to a marriage en ter into the union hoping to change certain behaviors in each other. Young people are more flexible and open minded as compared to older ones. As such, it is easier for a younger couple to forge a coherent family than for an older couple who have already built independent perceptions of life over the years. Marriage at an early age significantly decreases the probability of an individual engaging in risky sexual behavior. We live in an age that is rife with sexually transmitted infections (STIs). While there is risk of infection for both married and unmarried people, the risk to the unmarried people is heightened. The reason for this is that unmarried people are more likely to engage in risky sexual activities with multiple partners. Ellis (2004) goes ahead and advocates early marriage as a means for curbing promiscuity which is one of the causes of the prevalence of STIs among youths. Marriage results in less risky behavior therefore increasing the probability of better health for a person. In addition to this, there is a positive correlation between marriage and the increased mental and physical well being of an individual (Smith, 1999). Counterargument and Refutation One of the most potent argument raised by opponents of early marriage is that marrying young may result in poverty for the couple. This is not an empty argument since as a matter of fact; most young people are economically insecure. Therefore, when these two people with limited financial capabilities come together in marriage, they cannot assist each other to become financially sound. While it is true that marrying young is often accompanied by economic insecurities, this is not a permanent state of affairs. The young couple has the ability to grow into financial security together. The notion that early marriage results in poverty is based on the assumption that the young couple will lack opportunities to better themselves. This is not true since both parties work towards achieving self-relianc e and economic empowerment. Sudha (2000) notes that both parties in the marriage are encouraged to pursue higher education and engage in employment in addition to the activities concerning marriage and family. Another argument advanced against marrying young is that it increases the likelihood of divorce. Opponents of early marriages state that the young are more likely to resort to divorce than older couples. Strong, Devault and Cohen (2010) suggest that the reason why young marriages are more prone to divorce is because of the immaturity and impulsive nature of the partners.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Early Marriage Advantages specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This argument fails to consider that divorce rates are on the increase for all ages (Harvey, 2006). In addition to this, research by Ruggles (1997) states that marital dissolutions have increased dramatically over the last century and while only 5% of m arriages entered into in 1987 ended in divorce, a phenomenal 50% of marriages entered into in 1967 are forecasted to end up in divorce. This dramatic rise in divorce rates has been blamed on a number of factors most notably of which are the increases in the earning power of women in the USA. This assertion by Ruggel is corroborated by Bianchi et al (1996) who declare that while there are many reasons for the rising rates of divorce, the most important factor is the changes in the female labor force over the last two decades. The reason for this is that the wifes employment provides an economic alternative to an unhappy marriage. Conclusion and opinion This paper set out to argue that people should marry at a young age so as to reap the benefits that accompany early marriage. The current reality is that the gap in years between the legal adult age (18) and marriage has increased significantly over the past three decades. This paper has outlined the various advantages that come with g etting married while young. It has been noted that early marriage reduces the likelihood of a person engaging in criminal activities or risky sexual behavior. In addition to this, early marriages result in strong bonds being formed between the couple. With this benefits that marriage beings about as highlighted in this paper, more people should be encouraged to marry at a young age. References Bianchi, S.M. et al. (1996). American Women in Transition. CA: Russell Sage Foundation. Ellis, H. (2004). Studies in the Psychology of Sex, Volume 6. Online-ebooks. Harvey, J.H. (2006). Handbook of Divorce and Relationship Dissolution. NY: Routledge.Advertising Looking for report on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Ruggles, S. (1997). â€Å"The Rise of Divorce and Separation in the United States, 1880 – 1990†. Demography, Vol 34- No. 4, November 1997: 455-466. Sampson, J.R., Laub, H.J., Wimer, C. (2006). â€Å"Does Marriage Reduce Crime? A Counterfactual Approach to Within-Individual Causal Effects†. Criminology Volume 44, No. 3. Smith, J. P. (1999). â€Å"Healthy Bodies and Thick Wallets: The Dual Relationship Between Health and Economic Status†. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 13: 145-66. Strong, B., Devault, C., Cohen, F.T. (2010). The Marriage and Family Experience: Intimate Relationships in a Changing Society. NY: Cengage Learning. Sudha, D. Gender Roles. USA: APH Publishing, 2000.

Answer the questions below Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Answer the questions below - Assignment Example If there is genetic diversity in the colony, the work will be made easy since we can get some honeybees adapted for various functions. Hence, the productivity will increase, as well as economic benefits of this colony. Relating this idea to the overall idea of the book, we need diverse talents to construe a nations economic benefits. Even during the war, for a nations troop to do well, we cannot war be an individuals work. Theres need for various people with various talents that will work together to win the war. In as much as theres need for good fighters in the troop, there is an equal need for good planners, commanders, cooks, information gatherers, weather specialists, logisticians and support staff to work together to win the war. To my interpretation, we need one another in everything that we do. One cannot consider himself to be good in a particular field without the help of the others. We, therefore, need to involve a diversity of talents in managing change that will spur our economic growth. Therefore, all our success should be dedicated to other people who worked together with us to ensure we achieved the success. When we go alone, we tend to tire so fast that failure results. Zhao, in his writings, consider the use of comparison to putting emphasis on ideas and make them clear for his readers. He drives his points home very easily just by the use of comparisons. For instance, when he compared the genetic diversity of the honeybees with the required talent diversity in a war troop, it becomes very easy for his readers to understand the concept just by making the

Questions and answers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Questions and answers - Essay Example Paul’s teachings differ from those of Jesus’ in his definition of heaven. Paul describes heaven in his teachings as where the body of Jesus Christ dwells, while Jesus described the Kingdom of heaven as prophetic Kingdom of the Israelites here on earth. Paul’s also differed with Jesus when it comes to teachings on authority. Jesus directed that people should obey authority and pay taxes while Paul’s teachings mostly condemned authority. Paul also differed from Jesus in his teachings where he emphasizes that one’s faith alone is required in salvation. This is different from what Jesus taught since he stipulated that in order for a person to have salvation; faith, repentance, and Baptism are necessary. Another difference that characterizes Paul’s teaching from those of Jesus was how the teachings were delivered. Paul’s teachings were mostly in form of letters to different congregations while those of Jesus were mostly delivered in form of parables. 2. Explain the schism between the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches. There are various issues that contributed to the schism between the Roman Catholic and the Eastern orthodox churches. ... d to the schism between the two factions of Christianity were issues that surrounded priesthood, the major one being the celibacy of priests which the orthodox churches were greatly opposed to. The papal authority was one of the major issues that led to the schism between the west and the east. Eastern orthodox churches were greatly opposed to the religious and political power that revolved bishops and moreover the pope. These eastern orthodox churches argued that the pope was meant to be the servant of God thus to the people and not a form of authority on earth. In fact, before the separation of the two factions scholars have argued that the pope was the most powerful authority in the known world at the time. Disagreement over the Holy Spirit also contributed greatly o the two factions ex communicating each other (Fisher 328). For instance the western faction stipulated that the Holy Spirit came from the Son and the Father while the eastern faction stipulated that â€Å"the Holy Sp irit proceeds only from the Father† (Fisher 328). 3. What issues did each of the Protestant Reformers (Luther, Calvin, the English Reformers) have with the Roman Catholic Church? Luther One of the major issues that that Martin Luther had against the Roman Catholic was the understanding of salvation. According to the Roman Catholic, in order for a person to be forgiven of their sins after being baptized they must seek repentance and then confess to a priest their sins. Martin Luther differed with this since after studying the bible intensely, he understood that salvation was available to anyone as long as they repented since God offered salvation to all people through the death of his son Jesus. Calvin John Calvin also had issues with the Roman Catholic on the application and understanding of

Pest Analysis Essay Example for Free

Pest Analysis Essay Political, Economic, Social, and Technological analysis and describes a framework of macroenvironmental factors used in the environmental scanning component of strategic management. It is a part of the external analysis when conducting a strategic analysis or doing market research and gives a certain overview of the different macroenvironmental factors that the company has to take into consideration. It is a useful strategic tool for understanding market growth or decline, business position, potential and direction for operations. The growing importance of environmental or ecological factors in the first decade of the 21st century have given rise to green business and encouraged widespread use of an updated version of the PEST framework.   analysis systematically considers Socio-cultural, Technological, Economic, Ecological, and Regulatory factors. Contents * 1 History * 2 Overvier. New York: Macmillan.. , who discusses ‘ETPS’ a mnemonic for the four sectors of what he calls his taxonomy of the business environment: Economic, Technical, Political, and Social. Sometime after this initial publication, Arnold Brown for the Institute of Life Insurance reorganized it as   as a way to organise the results of his environmental scanning. Over time by academics and others in business it was modified yet again to become a so-called analysis (the Social, Technical, Economic, Political, and Ecological taxonomies).

Koreans: When And Why Did They Come? :: essays research papers

Koreans: When and Why Did They Come?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  At the end of the 19th century the USA received it's first refugees from Korea, three pro-Japanese activists seeking exile after an unsuccessful attempt to over throw the government. (Moynihan 45) They were followed by 64 students between 1890 and 1905 to purse further education in the USA. Between 1902 and 1905, 7,000 Korean immigrants arrived in Hawaii. (Thernstrom) From 1903 to 1905, 65 ships carrying 7,226 Koreans, set sail from Inchon for Honolulu. (Bandon 18) When each group arrived they settled on a sugar plantation. (Bandon 18) In 1907 the US government refused to recognize the Korean passport. From that point on, any Korean entering the US had to have a Japanese passport. (Bandon 18) These developments effectively ended almost all Korean immigration to Hawaii and the US for forty years.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many of the Koreans came because of the sugar industry in Hawaii. It was booming and plantations needed more workers than the native population could supply. (Moynihan 45) At this time, rumors spread among the plantation owners that Koreans were more industrious then either the Chinese or the Japanese. After consulting with the US ambassador to Korea, recruiters became journeying to the peninsulas. (Moynihan 45)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Hawaii Sugar Planters Association struck a deal with David Declare, who was paid five dollars for every laborer he lured to the Hawaiian Islands. (Moynihan 45) Deshler even offered unsuspecting Koreans loans of $100 so they could travel to Hawaii and get settled. (Moynihan 45)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Despite their distrust of Western ways and people, Koreans of early 1900's found terms of migration attractive: a monthly wage of $15, free housing, health care, English lessons, and the predominately warm Hawaiian climate. (Moynihan 45) Recruiters in Korea used the upbeat slogan â€Å"The country is open- go forward,† which portrayed that Hawaii is a land of opportunity. (Moynihan 46) Like the Chinese and Japanese who were before the Koreans, found plantation life hard an unrewarding. (Moynihan 47) The immigrants were drained by 10-hour work days and 6-day work weeks. (Moynihan 48) Their exhaustion was not related by conditions on the plantation, which in variably included squalid housing, isolation and poor food. (Moynihan 48) One person described his experience as

Ethics of Consumption Essay

Once you have read the textbook chapter and the Reading, answer discussion questions 1, 3- 5 (ignore questions 2 and 6). Q1. Who is the â€Å"we† in the question â€Å"Why do we consume so much?† Is Juliet Schor correct that â€Å"there is increasingly little that we do which is not a consumption experience† And that we have become a culture of excessive consumption? Explain your answers. The â€Å"we† in the question â€Å"why do we consume so much?† is stands for the majority of Americans those whose basic needs are met, who have discretionary income, the large middle classes whose standard of living has risen so dramatically over this century. Juliet Schor is correct that â€Å"there is increasingly little that we do which is not a consumption experience†. For example, the average American home has increased by more than 50% since 1970s and the number of vehicles per person has increased. And we have become a culture of excessive consumption due to $20,000 outdoor grills, $17,000 birthday parties for teen girls FAO Schwartz, diamond studded bras at Victoria Secrets, professional appliances for people not home to cook, designer clothes for 6 year olds as well as $1000 bed sheets. Q3. Explain why Schor believes that â€Å"more leisured. Less consumerist lifestyles are structurally blocked†. Why can’t people simply choose to work less and enjoy more free time? Do you agree that working long hours encourages people to consume more? Schor believes that â€Å"more leisure, less consumerist lifestyles is structurally blocked† because we are undermining our quality of life, we fail to take enough leisure, and live excessively busy and stressful lives. People cannot simply choose to work less and enjoy more free time because the employers set work norms and schedules, and those are tied to jobs. A full-time worker is paid per person, not per hour, and the employers prefer to hire fewer people, as well as employees who work longer hours are more financially dependent on the firm. Also, the income that people earned determines the level of consumption. The more they earned, the more or luxury goods they are able to purchase. I do not agree that working long hours encourages people to consume more. I have some working experiences before. After working for the whole day, I felt very tired and I thought money does not come easily, so I would not buy as much as I earned. I would like to save it and buy wait until I think the price of the good I want to buy is acceptable and it is useful. Q4. Schor refers to the second structural feature that creates too much consumption as â€Å"the ecological bias†. What does she mean by this? Do you agree with her that it is serious? Schor means that people overuse of the ecological resources of the earth, which account for global warming, species extinction, ecosystem depletion, water shortages, deforestation and soil erosion. I absolutely agree with her that overuse of natural capital is serious because the rate of resource use, pollution, and ecological degradation exceeds earth’s absorptive and regenerative capacities. We are already beyond a sustainable relation with earth. If rest of the world lived like the Americans do, need an additional four planets to support this lifestyle. Q5. Explain why you agree or disagree with Schor’s contention that consumption has become a social competition. How has the old concept of â€Å"keeping up with the Joneses† changed? Do you agree that it is difficult for individuals to resist or drop out of the consumption competition? Explain why or why not. Yes, I agree with Schor’s contention that consumption has become a social competition because more and more people buy luxury goods to show off, which  it stand for recognition, esteem, status, and even envy it confers. Especially young teenagers, they like to keep up with their classmates or schoolmates. As a result, branded goods were carried by students is obviously around the school. The old concept of â€Å"keeping up with the Joneses† has changed because Americans’ consumer aspirations now has become more vertical, which is in terms of economic and social standing. Young Americans regarded Rockefeller or Bill Gates who makes $100,000 a year or more as an important aspirational target. They are more squint towards a decent or comfortable standard of living. I agree that it is difficult for individuals to resist or drop out the consumption competition. Since everyone is using the latest products, we have to elevate ourselves as well. If we refused to upgrade our belonging, we will fall behind the others, it may account for inconvenience in our life. For example, nowadays, some homework has to type it out or submit online, if we do not have a laptop at home, then it will be troublesome and inconvenience. Thus, individuals are getting more and more difficult to drop put the consumption competition.

Puritans And The New England - 1248 Words

Throughout fifteenth century England, Puritanism was severely persecuted. Puritans were forced to go to the Anglican Church where they were also pushed into associating with those that were predestined for Hell. The Puritans wished to purify the Church of England in a way that allowed them to not only practice their religion, but to do so in a different location than the Hell-bound. In 1620, the Puritans left England and settled in Plymouth, Massachusetts, where they were free to practice Puritanism. The ideas and values held by the Puritans influenced the political, economic and social development of the New England colonies from 1630 to 1660. The Puritans valued different things than the Dutch settlers in New York and the English settlers in Virginia and other southern colonies. These differing values led to political developments unique to the New England colonies. Before leaving the ship and setting foot in the new World, the Puritans developed the Mayflower Compact, which was an agreement to form a government and vote by majority rule. This led to the development of town meetings, eventually taking place in the Town Hall. Along with an emphasis on democracy in New England politics there was a humongous emphasis on religion. In the Enlarged Salem Covenant of 1636, it is stated that in public or private, the Puritans would not willingly do anything to the offence of the church, would bind themselves to studying the advancement of the gospel, would not intentionally harmShow MoreRelatedPuritans And The New England1344 Words   |  6 Pages Puritans were a group of English Protestants who believed that the Reformation of the Church of English was still to stuck on Catholic formalities and wanted to simplify and regulate types of worship. The Puritans left England out of a need to purify the church and their own lives. They followed the writings of John Calvin to America and formed The Massachusetts Bay Colony. The Massachusetts Bay Colony was one of the original settlements, settled in 1630 by a group of about 1,000 Puritan refugeesRead MoreNew England As A Refuge For Puritans Essay1984 Words   |  8 Pagesconcern: New England, the Middle Colonies, and the South. New England was a region with some aspirations of profit, but these aspirations were largely overshadowed by a desire to reform or purify English religion. Massachusetts was founded by John Winthrop as a refuge for Puritans escaping persecution. The Puritans were successful in promoting education, creating a sense of social cohesion, establishing a centralized form of government, and fostering a strong work ethic. However, the Puritans we re limitedRead MoreEssay on Puritans in New England461 Words   |  2 PagesPuritans in New England Raised during the aftermath of the fall of the Spanish Armada to England, the Puritan generation they were children and grandchildren of the Protestant Reformation in Europe. An idealistic generation of the Colonial Cycle, the Puritans came to America seeking freedom, to practice religion in a manner different than that of the English. Puritans regarded New England as a place to establish a visible kingdom of God, a society where outward conduct would be accordingRead MoreThe Accusation of Witches in Puritan, New England1634 Words   |  7 Pagesweakness in times of trouble is the instinctive act of finding a scapegoat. Stemming from the Calvinistic religious beliefs of the Puritans who immigrated to America, anything that strays from the predestined lives of these puritanical people is the result of sin. The ideas of original sin and predestination are at the heart of Calvinism. Thus, the Calvinist Puritans have their lives planned out for them by God before birth and anything that disrupts that plan must be eradicated. It was on theRead MoreInfluence of the Puritan Faith on the Development of New England768 Words   |  3 PagesThe New England colonies rapidly developed though out the 1600s. This mass of development was influenced by the Puritans, whom founded a majority of the New England and several Middle c olonies. The Puritan philosophies and values formed and directed the progress of the colonies. Socially, strict emphasis on church and community was influential in other colonial settlements as well. Politically, unification and representation derived from the Puritans. Economically, ideas such as fair pricing originatedRead MoreThe Unjust System of New England Puritan Court System Essays1018 Words   |  5 Pages The court system in Puritan New England was an unfair and unjust system, stemming from the general court of Massachusetts. Many of the trials and procedures were ludicrous. General life in the Puritan communities was centered around religion and the judicial system reflected this. Religion crept into laws and the courts until they were practically combined. Puritans valued their religion zealously and it became part of everyday life in the colony. Religion was a huge part of law, the court, andRead MoreThe Impact of the New England Puritans and the Chesapeake Catholics on the Development of Colonial Society1144 Words   |  5 Pagesgroups often arrive and settle on a new piece of land, and happen to shape that society, around their beliefs and religion. The New England Puritans and the Chesapeake Catholics are prime examples to show how religion shaped the development of a colonial society. In 1624, the early 17th century, the religious group called the Puritans, settled for the first time in the New England territory. Once there, they chose to inhabit the Massachusetts area. The Puritans were a varied group of religiousRead Moreâ€Å"in What Ways Did the Ideas and Values Held by the Puritans Influence the Political, Economic, and Social Development of the New England Colonies from 1630 Through the 1660’s?†861 Words   |  4 PagesIn the 1630s and the 1640s, the Puritans traveled to the colonies to detach from their opinion of a convoluted Church of England. They set up towns and started new lives that were all based on their idea of a pure religion. The Puritans definition of a pure religion did not include many of the ideas of the Church of England. They built the colonies and made a system based upon the idea that God was the most important aspect of life. Puritan ideas and values influenced the political, economic,Read MoreHow Were The Puritans Dif ferent From The Pilgrims?961 Words   |  4 PagesHow were the Puritans different from the Pilgrims? According to US History, a community of christians traveled across the ocean to an unknown land, different from the society they left behind, they called themselves Pilgrims. The Pilgrims made up the states of Virginia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia, which were the southern colonies. The Puritans made up the New England colonies, they were located in Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, and Connecticut. The firstRead MoreThe Realities Of Puritan Life With M. Night Shyamalan s Theatrical Interpretation1390 Words   |  6 PagesIn order to compare the realities of Puritan life with M. Night Shyamalan’s theatrical interpretation, The Village, it is important to understand who Puritans were and what kinds of beliefs they had. Puritans, different from Pilgrims, attempted to â€Å"purify† the Church of England in the seventeenth century as they felt it had been insufficiently reformed. Their idea of reformation consisted of a Calvinistic appr oach to society; believing in the absolute sovereignty of God, absolute dependence on divine